{"id":8153,"date":"2025-09-28T03:22:03","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T03:22:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/?page_id=8153"},"modified":"2025-11-28T03:26:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T03:26:50","slug":"polikistik-over-sendromunda-meme-buyuklugu-ve-gelisimi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/polikistik-over-sendromunda-meme-buyuklugu-ve-gelisimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Polikistik Over Sendromu\u2019nda Meme B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Geli\u015fimi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlarda ergenlik d\u00f6neminin \u00e7o\u011funlukla ilk belirtisi olan meme geli\u015fimi 8 ile 13 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Meme geli\u015fimi genellikle 18 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar tamamlanmakla birlikte bazen 20 li ya\u015flara kadar devam etmektedir. <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meme geli\u015fimini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini (h\u00fccre \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda iki temel fakt\u00f6r belirlemektedir;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-<\/mark><\/strong>Genetik (Ailesel); Aile hikayesi polikistik over sendromu olmayan ki\u015filerde meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerine olduk\u00e7a fazla belirleyici etkiye sahiptir. Fakat, polikistik over sendromu\u2019nda genetik etkilerle birlikte erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 (testosteron, dihidrotestosteron) da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-<\/mark><\/strong>Hormonlar; Ergenlikle birlikte yumurtal\u0131klarda daha fazla miktarda \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flanan \u00f6strojen hormonu meme dokusunda bulunan \u00f6strojen al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na (ER\u03b1) tutunarak meme geli\u015fimini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r (1,2,3,4,16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 (testosteron ve dihidrotestosteron) meme dokusunda bulunan erkeklik hormonu al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na (resept\u00f6r) tutunarak \u00f6strojen hormonuna ters bir etki g\u00f6sterip meme geli\u015fimini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engellemektedir\u00a0(5,6,13,14,15,17).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6strojen (Estradiol) ve erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n miktarlar\u0131nda meydana gelen art\u0131\u015f veya azal\u0131\u015flar meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde de\u011fi\u015fikliklere\u00a0neden olurlar. \u00dcreme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlarda adet d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131na do\u011fru olan d\u00f6nemde testosteron ve \u00f6strojen hormonlar\u0131 en fazla miktarda \u00fcretilir, fakat yumurtlama sonras\u0131 (luteal faz) d\u00f6nemde testosteron hormonu miktar\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flarken, \u00f6strojen hormonu miktar\u0131 fazla miktarda \u00fcretilmeye devam eder\u00a0(7). Bu nedenle meme b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi (h\u00fccre \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131) yumurtlama sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde (luteal faz) en fazla miktardad\u0131r\u00a0(8). \u00d6strojen hormonu miktar\u0131n\u0131n en az miktarda oldu\u011fu buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k testosteron hormonunun daha fazla oldu\u011fu yumurtlama \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde (folik\u00fcler faz) meme geli\u015fimi durmakta ve hatta meme k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi (apoptosis) olmaktad\u0131r\u00a0(7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Menopoz sonras\u0131nda \u00f6strojen miktar\u0131 testosteron miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazla azalmaktad\u0131r\u00a0(7). Testosteron hormonu miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6strojen hormonu miktar\u0131ndan fazla olmas\u0131 menopoz sonras\u0131nda meme dokusunun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine (atrofi) neden olmaktad\u0131r. <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erkeklik hormonu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131n sporcular (atletler) ve cinsiyet de\u011fi\u015ftirenler (erkek cinsiyeti tercih eden kad\u0131nlar) \u00a0de\u00a0meme dokusunda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r\u00a0(9,10,11). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetik olarak (Do\u011fu\u015ftan) erkeklik hormonu al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olmayan erkeklerde (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6strojen hormonunun meme b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak erkeklik hormonu etkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7in bu erkeklerde meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kad\u0131nlarda oldu\u011fu gibi tam\u00a0olarak olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r\u00a0(12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda\u00a0(grup A ve C)\u00a0\u00f6zellikle meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine etki eden erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 (testosteron ve dihidrotestosteron) ergenlik d\u00f6neminde fazla miktarda \u00fcretilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde\u00a08 ile 13 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan meme geli\u015fiminin tamamlanmas\u0131 5-6 y\u0131l s\u00fcrmekte hatta bazen\u00a020 li ya\u015flar\u0131n ortas\u0131na kadar devam etmektedir. Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6strojen hormonuna kar\u015f\u0131 fazla miktarda erkeklik hormonuna maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu kad\u0131nlarda maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 erkeklik hormonu miktar\u0131na paralel olarak meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi yava\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Hatta bu ki\u015filerde erkeklik hormonu miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar fazla \u00fcretildi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak meme b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi durabilmektedir. <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikistik over sendromu\u2019nun meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u00fcreci tamamlanmadan daha \u00f6nce erken te\u015fhis edilmesi ve tedaviye ba\u015flan\u0131lmas\u0131 fazla miktarda \u00fcretilen erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n meme \u00fczerine olan olumsuz etkilerini engellemektedir.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-Estrogen and progesterone in normal mammary gland development and in cancer. Stingl J. Horm Cancer. 2011 Apr;2(2):85-90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-Form and function: how estrogen and progesterone regulate the mammary epithelial hierarchy. Arendt LM, Kuperwasser C. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2015 Jun;20(1-2):9-25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-Dissociation between steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation in the human breast. Clarke RB, Howell A, Potten CS, Anderson E. Cancer Res. 1997 Nov 15;57(22):4987-91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-Pattern of distribution of cells positive for estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in relation to proliferating cells in the mammary gland. Russo J, Ao X, Grill C, Russo IH. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999 Feb;53(3):217-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-Differential effects of exogenous androgen and an androgen receptor antagonist in the peri- and postpubertal murine mammary gland. Peters AA, Ingman WV, Tilley WD, Butler LM. Endocrinology. 2011 Oct;152(10):3728-37.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-Minireview: The androgen receptor in breast tissues: growth inhibitor, tumor suppressor, oncogene? Hickey TE, Robinson JL, Carroll JS, Tilley WD. Mol Endocrinol. 2012 Aug;26(8):1252-67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-Reexamination of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol and estrone levels across the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Rothman MS, Carlson NE, Xu M, Wang C, Swerdloff R, Lee P, Goh VH, Ridgway EC, Wierman ME. Steroids. 2011 Jan; 76(1-2) : 177-82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8-Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF. Epidemiol Rev. 1993; 15(1):17-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9-Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain. Korkia P, Stimson GV.  Int J Sports Med. 1997 Oct;18(7):557-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10-An immunohistochemical study of the long-term effects of androgen administration on female-to-male transsexual breast: a comparison with normal female breast and male breast showing gynaecomastia. Burgess HE, Shousha S. J Pathol. 1993 May;170(1):37-43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11-Histology of genital tract and breast tissue after long-term testosterone administration in a female-to-male transsexual population. Grynberg M, Fanchin R, Dubost G, Colau JC, Br\u00e9mont-Weil C, Frydman R, Ayoubi JM. Reprod Biomed Online 2010 Apr;20(4):553-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12-Molecular biology of androgen insensitivity. J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen J. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Apr 16;352(1-2):4-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13-A physiologic role for testosterone in limiting estrogenic stimulation of the breast. Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Wang J, Belanger A, LaBrie F, Cheng C, Powell D, Bondy C. Menopause. 2003 Jul-Aug;10(4):292-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14-Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome. Lubahn DB, Joseph DR, Sullivan PM, Willard HF, French FS, Wilson EM. Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):327-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15-Characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor. Tilley WD, Marcelli M, Wilson JD, McPhaul MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(1):327-31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16-Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J. Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17-Androgen receptor inactivation resulted in acceleration in pubertal mammary gland growth, upregulation of ER\u03b1 expression, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in female mice. Gao YR, Walters KA, Desai R, Zhou H, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. Endocrinology. 2014 Dec;155(12):4951-63.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlarda ergenlik d\u00f6neminin \u00e7o\u011funlukla ilk belirtisi olan meme geli\u015fimi 8 ile 13 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Meme geli\u015fimi genellikle 18 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar tamamlanmakla birlikte bazen 20 li ya\u015flara kadar devam etmektedir. Meme geli\u015fimini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini (h\u00fccre \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda iki temel fakt\u00f6r belirlemektedir; 1-Genetik (Ailesel); Aile hikayesi polikistik over sendromu olmayan ki\u015filerde meme geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8153","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8153"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10756,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8153\/revisions\/10756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}