{"id":8477,"date":"2025-09-28T15:12:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T15:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/?page_id=8477"},"modified":"2025-11-05T08:38:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T08:38:06","slug":"polikistik-over-sendromunda-metabolik-sendrom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/polikistik-over-sendromunda-metabolik-sendrom\/","title":{"rendered":"Polikistik Over Sendromu\u2019nda Metabolik Sendrom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kalp ve damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kalp, beyin ve bacaklara oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yan damarlar\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131 veya daralmas\u0131) ihtimalini artt\u0131ran en az 3 \u00f6zellik biraraya gelerek metabolik sendromu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r(1,2,3,4);<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-<\/mark><\/strong>Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (\u2265 130 \/85 mmHg)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-<\/mark><\/strong>V\u00fccudun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda yani kar\u0131n ve bel b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ya\u011f miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 (bel \u00e7evresi \u2265 80 cm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-<\/mark><\/strong>A\u00e7l\u0131k kan \u015fekeri (glukoz) y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (\u2265 100 mg\/dL)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-<\/mark><\/strong>Kan ya\u011flar\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olan HDL-C miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 (\u2264 50 mg\/dL)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-<\/mark><\/strong>Kan ya\u011flar\u0131ndan trigliserid miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ( \u2265150 mg\/dL)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda metabolik sendrom daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.(12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan normal kilolu veya zay\u0131f ya da fazla kilolu veya \u015fi\u015fman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda kar\u0131n ve bel \u00e7evresinde ya\u011f miktar\u0131 fazla (erkek tipi ya\u011flanma) oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bel \u00e7evresi kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(5,6,7,8,9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan ve bel \u00e7evresi kal\u0131n kad\u0131nlarda bel \u00e7evresi kal\u0131n olmayan ayn\u0131 kiloya sahip kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re daha fazla oranda metabolik sendrom g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(10,11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu\u2019nda fazla kilolu ve \u015fi\u015fman olan veya normal kilolu fakat bel \u00e7evresi kal\u0131n (erkek tipi ya\u011flanma) olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda ins\u00fclin direnci g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(37,38,45,46).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-<\/mark><\/strong>\u0130ns\u00fclin direncinin ilerlemesi, k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesi sonucunda bozulmu\u015f glukoz (\u015feker) tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diabetes mellitus) geli\u015fmektedir(39,40,41,42,43,44,47).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda genellikle ins\u00fclin direnci daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ilerledi\u011fi, k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fi i\u00e7in bozulmu\u015f \u015feker tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ergenlik (adolesan) d\u00f6neminden itibaren daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r(41,43,48).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda gen\u00e7 ya\u015flardan itibaren metabolik sendrom daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(14,16,24,25,49,50,51,52).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-<\/mark><\/strong>Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n (androgen) etkisinin fazla oldu\u011funu (hiperandrogenism) g\u00f6steren t\u00fcylenme art\u0131\u015f\u0131, erkek tipi sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi, ciltte ya\u011flanma art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sivilce \u015fikayetleri ile birlikte yumurta geli\u015fiminin durmas\u0131 (anovulasyon) ya da yava\u015flamas\u0131 (oligoovulasyon) nedeniyle adet kanamas\u0131n\u0131n gecikmesi (oligomenorrhea) veya olmamas\u0131 (amenorrhea) \u015feklinde adet d\u00fczensizli\u011fi ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar polikistik over sendromu\u2019nun A grubuna girmektedir(53,54,55,56). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-<\/mark><\/strong>A grubuna giren kad\u0131nlarda ins\u00fclin direnci, bozulmu\u015f \u015feker tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda da metabolik sendrom ergenlik d\u00f6neminden itibaren gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda (< 40 ya\u015f) polikistik over sendromu olmayan kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu\u2019nun etkisi ve \u015fiddeti 30 lu ya\u015flardan itibaren 40 l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131 takiben ve menopoz sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde gittik\u00e7e azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda fazla olan erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n miktarlar\u0131 (hiperandrogenism) ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e 20 li ya\u015flardan itibaren \u00f6zellikle 40 l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131 takiben azalmaktad\u0131r(72).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-<\/mark><\/strong>Fazla say\u0131da olan yumurta (antral folik\u00fcl) say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n adet kanamalar\u0131 daha d\u00fczenli (eumenorrhea) olmaya ba\u015flamakta ve hatta 30 lu ya\u015flar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren daha kolay gebe kalabilmektedirler(73,74,75,76).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikistik over sendromu\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu iyile\u015fme nedeniyle 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ya da menopoz sonras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde fark kapanmakta olup polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda ins\u00fclin direnci, bozulmu\u015f \u015feker tolerans\u0131, \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve metabolik sendrom polikistik over sendromu olmayanlarla menopoz sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(33,65,66,67,68,69,70,71).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda faydal\u0131 bir ya\u011f olan HDL-kolesterol\u00a0kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda normalden daha az miktarda bulunurken, trigliserid ve LDL-kolesterol ise normalden daha fazla miktarlarda bulunmaktad\u0131r(77,78,79,80).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ins\u00fclin direnci HDL-kolesterol ve trigliserid miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-<\/mark><\/strong>LDL-kolesterol miktar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f ise daha \u00e7ok erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n (androgen) etkisinin fazla olmas\u0131 (hiperandrogenism) ile ili\u015fkilidir(58,77,78,79,80).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-<\/mark><\/strong>Kalp ve damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimalini artt\u0131ran metabolik sendrom\u2019un \u00f6zelliklerden biri de kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek\u00a0(130 \/80 mmHg) olmas\u0131d\u0131r(58,81).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-<\/mark><\/strong>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011fi s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(58,81,82).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-<\/mark><\/strong>Bu kad\u0131nlarda kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok ins\u00fclin direnci etkilemektedir(83).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-<\/mark><\/strong>Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n (androgen) etkisinin fazla olmas\u0131 (hiperandrogenism) da kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ins\u00fclin direncinden daha az olmakla birlikte etkilemektedir(58,84,85,86).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mutlaka de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir!<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda adet d\u00fczensizli\u011fi, \u00e7ocuk iste\u011fi, t\u00fcylenme art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sivilce ve sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kad\u0131n do\u011fum uzman\u0131na ya da cildiye uzman\u0131na ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 asl\u0131nda y\u00fcksek olan kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve metabolik sendrom riskinin erken ya\u015flarda tespit edilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir avantaj sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat, maalesef \u00e7o\u011funlukla kendi bran\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ya da hastan\u0131n ba\u015fvuru \u015fikayetiyle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kad\u0131n do\u011fum ve cildiye uzmanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok basit bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen kan bas\u0131nc\u0131, bel ve basen \u00e7evresi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla yapmamaktad\u0131r. <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda doktora ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu kad\u0131nlarda sorun \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali y\u00fcksek olan kan ya\u011flar\u0131 (trigliserid, kolesterol), ins\u00fclin direnci, bozulmu\u015f \u015feker tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 testleri de \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-National Institues of Health. Third Report of the Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Ealuation, and Treatment of High blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). NIH Publication 01-3670. Bethesda, MD:  National Institues of Health. 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Balkau B, Charles MA. Diabet Med. 1999 May;16(5):442-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J; IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. Lancet. 2005 Sep 24-30;366(9491):1059-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Conway G, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Franks S, Gambineri A, Kelestimur F, Macut D, Micic D, Pasquali R, Pfeifer M, Pignatelli D, Pugeat M, Yildiz BO; ESE PCOS Special Interest Group. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Oct;171(4):P1-29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. Moran LJ, Misso ML, Wild RA, Norman RJ. 2010 Jul-Aug;16(4):347-63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-Circulating levels of adipose products and differences in fat distribution in the ovulatory and anovulatory phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Carmina E, Bucchieri S, Mansueto P, Rini G, Ferin M, Lobo RA. Fertil Steril. 2009 Apr;91(4 Suppl):1332-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8-Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Kirchengast S, Huber J. Hum Reprod. 2001 Jun;16(6):1255-60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9-Abdominal fat quantity and distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and extent of its relation to insulin resistance. Carmina E, Bucchieri S, Esposito A, Del Puente A, Mansueto P, Orio F, Di Fede G, Rini G. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2500-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10-Indicators for metabolic disturbances in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Goverde AJ, van Koert AJ, Eijkemans MJ, Knauff EA, Westerveld HE, Fauser BC, Broekmans FJ. Hum Reprod. 2009 Mar;24(3):710-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11-Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Moran L, Teede H. Hum Reprod Update. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(4):477-88.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12-The prevalence of metabolic disorders in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a community based study in Southwest of Iran. Tehrani FR, Rashidi H, Khomami MB, Tohidi M, Azizi F. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014  Sep 16;12:89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13-The frequency of metabolic syndrome is higher among PCOS Brazilian women with menstrual irregularity plus hyperandrogenism. Melo AS, Vieira CS, Romano LG, Ferriani RA, Navarro PA. Reprod Sci. 2011 Dec;18(12):1230-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14-Age- and body mass index-related differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Panidis D, Tziomalos K, Macut D, Kandaraki EA, Tsourdi EA, Papadakis E, Katsikis I. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013 Oct;29(10):926-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15-Risk of metabolic complications in the new PCOS phenotypes based on the Rotterdam criteria. Shroff R, Syrop CH, Davis W, Van Voorhis BJ, Dokras A. Fertil Steril. 2007 Nov;88(5):1389-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16-Adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome associated with increasing androgen levels independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Coviello AD, Legro RS, Dunaif A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Feb;91(2):492-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17-Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Apridonidze T, Essah PA, Iuorno MJ, Nestler JE. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):1929-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18-Screening women with polycystic ovary syndrome for metabolic syndrome. Dokras A, Bochner M, Hollinrake E, Markham S, Vanvoorhis B, Jagasia DH. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;106(1):131-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19-Prominent role of low HDL-cholesterol in explaining the high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gambineri A, Repaci A, Patton L, Grassi I, Pocognoli P, Cognigni GE, Pasqui F, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Dec;19(11):797-804.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20-Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome. Glueck CJ, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L. Metabolism. 2003 Jul;52(7):908-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21-Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in German women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hahn S, Tan S, Sack S, Kimmig R, Quadbeck B, Mann K, Janssen OE. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007 Feb;115(2):130-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22-Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women with a previous diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: long-term follow-up. Hudecova M, Holte J, Olovsson M, Larsson A, Berne C, Sundstrom-Poromaa I. Fertil Steril. 2011 Nov;96(5):1271-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23-The metabolic syndrome in young Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Park HR, Choi Y, Lee HJ, Oh JY, Hong YS, Sung YA. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007  Sep;77 Suppl 1:S243-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24-Using the androgen excess-PCOS society criteria to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Roe AH, Prochaska E, Smith M, Sammel M, Dokras A. J Pediatr. 2013 May;162(5):937-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25-Prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome in adolescent Indian girls with polycystic ovary syndrome using the 2009 \u2018joint interim criteria\u2019. Bhattacharya SM, Jha A. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011 Oct; 37(10): 1303-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26-Cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cheung LP, Ma RC, Lam PM, Lok IH, Haines CJ, So WY, Tong PC, Cockram CS, Chow CC, Goggins WB. Hum Reprod. 2008  Jun;23(6):1431-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27-Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. Carmina E. Minerva Ginecol. 2006 Apr;58(2):109-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28-Metabolic syndrome in young Czech women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Vrb\u00edkov\u00e1 J, Vondra K, Cibula D, Dvor\u00e1kov\u00e1 K, Stanick\u00e1 S, Sr\u00e1mkov\u00e1 D, SindelkaG, Hill M, Bendlov\u00e1 B, Skrha J. Hum Reprod. 2005 Dec; 20(12):3328-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29-Evaluation of metabolic syndrome frequency and premature carotid atherosclerosis in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Vural B, Caliskan E, Turkoz E, Kilic T, Demirci A. Hum Reprod. 2005 Sep;20(9):2409-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30-Biochemical hyperandrogenism is associated with metabolic syndrome independently of adiposity and insulin resistance in Romanian polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Albu A, Radian S, Fica S, Barbu CG. Endocrine. 2015 Mar;48(2):696-704.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31-Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome in Indigenous Australian women. Boyle J, Cunningham J, Norman RJ, Dunbar T, O\u2019Dea K. Intern Med J. 2015  Dec;45(12):1247-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32-Phenotype and metabolic profile of South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): results of a large database from a specialist Endocrine Clinic. Wijeyaratne CN, Seneviratne Rde A, Dahanayake S, Kumarapeli V, Palipane E, Kuruppu N, Yapa C, Seneviratne Rde A, Balen AH. Hum Reprod. 2011 Jan;26(1):202-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33-The risk of metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behboudi-Gandevani S, Amiri M, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Noroozzadeh M, Farahmand M, Rostami Dovom M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018  Feb;88(2):169-184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34- Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Lim SS, Kakoly NS, Tan JWJ, Fitzgerald G, Bahri Khomami M, Joham AE, Cooray SD, Misso ML, Norman RJ, Harrison CL, Ranasinha S, Teede HJ, Moran LJ. Obes Rev. 2019 Feb;20(2):339-352.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35-Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Pasquali R. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:114-130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36-Beyond fertility: polycystic ovary syndrome and long-term health. Cooney LG, Dokras A. Fertil Steril. 2018 Oct;110(5):794-809.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

37-Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Diabetes. 1989 Sep;38(9):1165-74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38-Prediction models for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Gennarelli G, Holte J, Berglund L, Berne C, Massobrio M, Lithell H.Hum Reprod. 2000 Oct;15(10):2098-102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

39-Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jan;84(1):165-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40-Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J. Diabetes Care. 1999 Jan;22(1):141-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

41-Screening for abnormal glucose tolerance in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Palmert MR, Gordon CM, Kartashov AI, Legro RS, Emans SJ, Dunaif A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):1017-23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42-Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women. Talbott EO, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Mar;16(2):191-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

43-Relative risk of conversion from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Norman RJ, Masters L, Milner CR, Wang JX, Davies MJ. Hum Reprod. 2001 Sep;16(9):1995-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44-Glucose intolerance in a large cohort of mediterranean women with polycystic ovary syndrome: phenotype and associated factors. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Manicardi E, Vicennati V, Cacciari M, Morselli-Labate AM, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Diabetes. 2004 Sep;53(9):2353-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

45-Use of fasting blood to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. carmina E , Lobo RA. Fertil Steril. 2004  Sep;82(3):661-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46-Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment. DeUgarte CM, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Fertil Steril. 2005 May;83(5):1454-60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

47-Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studies. Edelstein SL, Knowler WC, Bain RP, Andres R, Barrett-Connor EL, Dowse GK, Haffner SM, Pettitt DJ, Sorkin JD, Muller DC, Collins VR, Hamman RF. Diabetes. 1997  Apr;46(4):701-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48-Changes in glucose tolerance over time in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled study. Legro RS, Gnatuk CL, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun;90(6):3236-42.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

49-Extent of metabolic risk in adolescent girls with features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hart R, Doherty DA, Mori T, Huang RC, Norman RJ, Franks S, Sloboda D, Beilin L, Hickey M. Fertil Steril. 2011 Jun;95(7):2347-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

50-What is the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Normal BMI who have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? Aydin Y, Hassa H, Burkankulu D, Arslantas D, Sayiner D, Ozerdogan N. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015  Aug;28(4):271-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

51-Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related characteristics in obese adolescents with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Rossi B, Sukalich S, Droz J, Griffin A, Cook S, Blumkin A, Guzick DS, Hoeger KM. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec;93(12):4780-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52-Association between polycystic ovarian syndrome, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Rahmanpour H, Jamal L, Mousavinasab SN, Esmailzadeh A, Azarkhish K. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2012 Jun;25(3):208-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

53-Zawadski JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome;towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine F, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Vol. 1992. Boston, MA: Black-well Scientific; 1992. pp. 377\u201384.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

54-Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored PCOS Consencus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55- Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored PCOS Consencus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2004 Jan;19(1):41-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

56-The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Azziz R, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morrreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF. Fertil Steril. 2009 Feb;91(2):456-88.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

57-Relative contributions of oligomenorrhea and hyperandrogenemia to the risk of metabolic syndrome in midlife women. Polotsky AJ, Allshouse A, Crawford SL, Harlow SD, Khalil N, Santoro N, Legro RS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):E868-77.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

58-Normo- and hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit an adverse metabolic profile through life. Pinola P, Puukka K, Piltonen TT, Puurunen J, Vanky E, Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa I, Stener-Victorin E, Lind\u00e9n Hirschberg A,Ravn P, Skovsager Andersen M, Glintborg D, Mellembakken JR, Ruokonen A, Tapanainen JS, Morin-Papunen LC. Fertil Steril. 2017 Mar;107(3):788-795.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

59-Is the risk for cardiovascular disease increased in all phenotypes of the polycystic ovary syndrome? Daskalopoulos GN, Karkanaki A, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG. Angiology. 2011 May;62(4):285-90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

60-Long or highly irregular menstrual cycles as a marker for risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Solomon CG, Hu FB, Dunaif A, Rich-Edwards J, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Manson JE. JAMA. 2001 Nov 21;286(19):2421-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

61-Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligo-amenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Barber TM, Wass JA, McCarthy MI, Franks S. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Apr;66(4):513-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

62-Metabolic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with self-reported symptoms of oligomenorrhea and\/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Taponen S, Martikainen H, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Sovio U, Laitinen J, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, Franks S, Paldanius M,Ruokonen A; Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2114-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

63-Hyperandrogenemia is implicated in both the metabolic and reproductive morbidities of polycystic ovary syndrome. Sung YA, Oh JY, Chung H, Lee H. Fertil Steril. 2014 Mar;101(3):840-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

64-Phenotypic variation in hyperandrogenic women influences the findings of abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters. Carmina E, Chu MC, Longo RA, Rini GB, Lobo RA.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005  May;90(5):2545-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

65-Polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor for diabetes and prediabetes in middle-aged but not elderly women: a long-term population-based follow-up study. Kazemi Jaliseh H, Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Hosseinpanah F, Khalili D, Cheraghi L, Azizi F. Fertil Steril. 2017  Dec;108(6):1078-1084.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

66-Does the risk of diabetes and heart disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome lessen with age? Azziz R. Fertil Steril. 2017 Dec;108(6):959-960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

67-Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: a long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones. Dahlgren E, Johansson S, Lindstedt G, Knutsson F, Od\u00e9n A, Janson PO, Mattson LA, Crona N, Lundberg PA. Fertil Steril. 1992 Mar;57(3):505-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

68-Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in PCOS women of postmenopausal age: a 21-year controlled follow-up study. Schmidt J, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m M, Dahlgren E. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.<\/a> 2011 Dec;96(12):3794-803.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69-Mortality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long-term follow-up. Pierpoint T, McKeigue PM, Isaacs AJ, Wild SH, Jacobs HS. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 Jul;51(7):581-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

70-Cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long-term follow-up: a retrospective cohort study. Wild S, Pierpoint T, McKeigue P, Jacobs H. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000 May;52(5):595-600.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

71-Cardiovascular Disease and 10-Year Mortality in Postmenopausal Women with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Merz CN, Shaw LJ, Azziz R , Stanczyk FZ, Sopko G, Braunstein GD, Kelsey SF, Kip KE, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson BD,Vaccarino V, Reis SE, Bittner V, Hodgson TK, Rogers W, Pepine CJ. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016 Sep;25(9):875-81.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

72-Androgen levels in adult females: changes with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. Davison SL, Bell R, Donath S, Montalto JG, Davis SR. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):3847-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

73-Women with polycystic ovary syndrome gain regular menstrual cycles when ageing. Elting MW, Korsen TJ, Rekers-Mombarg LT, Schoemaker J. Hum Reprod. 2000 Jan;15(1):24-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

74-Serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Winters SJ, Talbott E, Guzick DS, Zborowski J, McHugh KP. Fertil Steril. 2000 Apr;73(4):724-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

75-Age-related differences in features associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in normogonadotrophic oligo-amenorrhoeic infertile women of reproductive years. Bili H, Laven J, Imani B, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001 Dec;145(6):749-55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

76-Long-term follow-up of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive outcome and ovarian reserve. Hudecova M, Holte J, Olovsson M, Sundstr\u00f6m Poromaa I. Hum Reprod. 2009 May;24(5):1176-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

77-Risk factors for coronary artery disease in lean and obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Conway GS, Agrawal R, Betteridge DJ, Jacobs HS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992 Aug;37(2):119-25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

78-Adverse lipid and coronary heart disease risk profiles in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a case-control study. Talbott E, Clerici A, Berga SL, Kuller L, Guzick D, Detre K, Daniels T, Engberg RA. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 May;51(5):415-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

79-A more atherogenic serum lipoprotein profile is present in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Valkenburg O, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Smedts HP, Dallinga-Thie GM, Fauser BC, Westerveld EH, Laven JS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb;93(2):470-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

80-Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Wild RA, Rizzo M, Clifton S, Carmina E.Fertil Steril. 2011 Mar 1;95(3):1073-9.e1-11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

81-ACC\/AHA 2017 definition of high blood pressure: implications for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Marchesan LB, Spritzer PM. Fertil Steril. 2019 Mar;111(3):579-587.e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

82-Hypertension in Reproductive-Aged Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Association With Obesity. Joham AE, Boyle JA, Zoungas S, Teede HJ. Am J Hypertens. 2015 Jul;28(7):847-51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

83-Hyperinsulinemia and obese phenotype differently influence blood pressure in young normotensive patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mioni R, C\u00e0 AD, Turra J, Azzolini S, Xamin N, Bleve L, Maffei P, Vettor R, Fallo F. Endocrine. 2017 Feb;55(2):625-634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

84-Relationship between androgen levels and blood pressure in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Chen MJ, Yang WS, Yang JH, Chen CL, Ho HN, Yang YS. Hypertension. 2007 Jun;49(6):1442-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

85-Androgen receptor (AR) in cardiovascular diseases. Huang CK, Lee SO, Chang E, Pang H, Chang C. J Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;229(1):R1-R16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

86-Hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Shi Y , Cui Y, Sun X, Ma G, Ma Z, Gao Q, Chen ZJ.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Feb;173:66-7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kalp ve damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kalp, beyin ve bacaklara oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yan damarlar\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131 veya daralmas\u0131) ihtimalini artt\u0131ran en az 3 \u00f6zellik biraraya gelerek metabolik sendromu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r(1,2,3,4); 1-Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (\u2265 130 \/85 mmHg) 2-V\u00fccudun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda yani kar\u0131n ve bel b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ya\u011f miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 (bel \u00e7evresi \u2265 80 cm) 3-A\u00e7l\u0131k kan \u015fekeri (glukoz) y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (\u2265 100 mg\/dL) 4-Kan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8477","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8477"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11849,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8477\/revisions\/11849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}