{"id":8966,"date":"2025-10-01T02:46:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T02:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/?page_id=8966"},"modified":"2025-11-18T19:37:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T19:37:17","slug":"polikistik-over-sendromu-tedavisinde-kullanilan-bitkiler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/polikistik-over-sendromu-tedavisinde-kullanilan-bitkiler\/","title":{"rendered":"Polikistik Over Sendromu Tedavisinde Kullan\u0131lan Bitkiler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10247\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-pink-color\">Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (%90) kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ila\u00e7lardan memnun olmay\u0131p, bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir tedavi kullanmay\u0131 istemektedir. Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (%70) da bitkisel tedavi kullanmaktad\u0131r(16,17,18,19).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-pink-color\">Polikistik over sendromu tedavisinde uzun zamandan beri kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da bitki vard\u0131r. Bu bitkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/mark><\/strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-blue-color\">Bu bitkiler ki\u015fide g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtilere, muayene bulgular\u0131na, hormon d\u00fczeylerine ve hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fine g\u00f6re yard\u0131mc\u0131 tedavi amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Herkese uygulanan standart bir tedavi re\u00e7etesi yoktur. Bilin\u00e7sizce ve rastgele kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 fayda sa\u011flamak yerine tehlikeli olabilmektedir. &nbsp;<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"5- Bitkisel Tedavi ve Polikistik Over -  Dr. Burak Hac\u0131hanefio\u011flu\" width=\"1320\" height=\"743\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NbmlKdtUQp0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Polikistik over sendromu tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan bitkileri laboratuvar deneyleri, hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve insanlarda yap\u0131lan klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda etki mekanizmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re 3 gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#cc5b01\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-blue-color\">A-grubu<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0130ns\u00fclin direncine kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rarak etki g\u00f6steren bitkiler&nbsp;(Tablo-1);<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polikistik over sendromu\u2019nda fazla kilolu ve \u015fi\u015fman olan veya normal kilolu fakat bel \u00e7evresi kal\u0131n (erkek tipi ya\u011flanma) olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda ins\u00fclin direnci g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(61,62,63,64). \u0130ns\u00fclin direncinin ilerlemesi, k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesi sonucunda bozulmu\u015f glukoz (\u015feker) tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diabetes mellitus) geli\u015fmektedir.&nbsp;(65,66,67,68,69,70,71). Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda genellikle ins\u00fclin direnci daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ilerledi\u011fi, k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fi i\u00e7in bozulmu\u015f \u015feker tolerans\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ergenlik (adolesan) d\u00f6neminden itibaren daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r(68,69,72).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tablo-1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0130ns\u00fclin direncine kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rarak etki g\u00f6steren bitkiler;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#fe5701\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>A1\u2013<\/strong><\/mark> \u0130ns\u00fclin direnci nedeniyle kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda fazla miktarda bulunan ins\u00fclin hormonu polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda hem do\u011frudan yumurtal\u0131\u011fa giderek hem de hipofiz bezinde LH (luteinizing hormon) \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rarak olgun folik\u00fcl (preovulatory) (dominant) olu\u015fumunu ve takiben yumurtlamay\u0131 (ovulation) engellemektedir(73,74). Bunun sonucunda adet kanamalar\u0131 35 g\u00fcn ile 3 ay aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen aral\u0131klarla (oligomenorrhea) veya 3 aydan daha uzun aral\u0131klarla (amenorrhea) olanlarda adet kanamalar\u0131 21 ila 35 g\u00fcnde bir (eumenorrhea) olanlara g\u00f6re ins\u00fclin direnci ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (diabetes mellitus ) daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(75,76,77,78,79).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fd6001\" class=\"has-inline-color\">A2-<\/mark><\/strong>&nbsp;Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda fazla miktarda bulunan \u0130ns\u00fclin hormonu do\u011frudan yumurtal\u0131\u011fa giderek yumurtal\u0131kta erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r&nbsp;(80,81,82,83,84,85). Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminin artmas\u0131 (hiperandrogenism) nedeniyle bu kad\u0131nlarda t\u00fcylenme art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sivilce ve sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8976\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><br>Salvia miltiorrhiza (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fd6002\" class=\"has-inline-color\">A3-<\/mark><\/strong>&nbsp;Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda fazla miktarda bulunan ins\u00fclin hormonu beyinde yer alan hipofiz bezinde erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n yumurtal\u0131kta yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan LH (luteinizing hormon) \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r(86,87,88,89). LH (luteinizing hormon) miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r (hiperandrogenism)(85,87,89,90).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#fb6002\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>A4-<\/strong><\/mark> Karaci\u011ferde \u00fcretilen sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) erkeklik hormonlar\u0131na ba\u011flanarak kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda serbest bulunan etkin formlar\u0131n (serbest testosteron) miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r(91,92). Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda fazla miktarda bulunan ins\u00fclin hormonu sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) \u00fcretimini azaltmaktad\u0131r(93).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#dd7304\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-blue-color\">B-grubu<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;<strong>GnRH hormonu salg\u0131layan jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc (dinamo) etkileyerek LH (luteinizing hormon) miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltan bitkiler&nbsp;(Tablo-2);<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Beyinde hipotalamus b\u00f6lgesinde GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) salg\u0131layan sinir h\u00fccreleri (neurons) bulunmaktad\u0131r(94,95). GnRH hormonunun belirli aral\u0131klarla art\u0131\u015flar ve azal\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6sterek salg\u0131lanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hipofiz bezinde LH ve FSH hormonlar\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve miktar\u0131 belirlenmektedir(96,97,98).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n (testosteron, dihidrotestosteron) fazla miktarda \u00fcretilmesi ve ins\u00fclin direncine ba\u011fl\u0131 ins\u00fclin miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 beyinde GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) salg\u0131layan h\u00fccrelerden daha \u00fcst seviyelerde bulunan sinir h\u00fccrelerinde \u00fcretilen GABA ve Kisspeptin (neurotransmitters) salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek GnRH hormonu salg\u0131layan jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn (dinamo) fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;(96,99,100,101,102). GnRH hormonunun salg\u0131lanma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 hipofiz bezinde \u00fcretilen LH hormonunun salg\u0131lanma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (frequency) ve kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;(96,98,103,104,105,106,107,108,109). LH (luteinizing hormon) miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n yumurtal\u0131kta yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakta (hiperandrogenism) ve yumurtlama \u00f6ncesi olgun folik\u00fcl (dominant) geli\u015fimini ve yumurtlamay\u0131 (ovulasyon) engellemektedir.&nbsp;(98,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tablo-2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>GnRH hormonu salg\u0131layan jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc (dinamo) etkileyerek LH (luteinizing hormon) miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltan bitkiler;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"189\" src=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-2-1024x189.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-2-1024x189.png 1024w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-2-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-2-768x142.png 768w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-2.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#d05602\" class=\"has-inline-color\">C-grubu<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;<strong>Erkeklik hormonu (testosteron, dihidrotestosteron) \u00fcretimini azaltarak etki g\u00f6steren bitkiler&nbsp;(Tablo-3);<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kad\u0131nlarda erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n (testosteron, dihidrotestosteron) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 b\u00f6brek \u00fcst\u00fc bezinde \u00fcretilen DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) ve Androstenedione hormonlar\u0131ndan deri, meme, ve ya\u011f dokusunda \u00fcretilmektedir(119,120). Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise yumurtal\u0131k ve b\u00f6brek \u00fcst\u00fc bezinde \u00fcretilmektedir(120,121). Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan testosteron yumurtal\u0131k ve b\u00f6brek \u00fcst\u00fc bezinde \u00fcretilen miktar\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Testosteron hormonunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fi deri, ya\u011f dokusu, meme gibi organlardan sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir miktar (%10) testosteron kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na girmektedir(121).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Tablo-3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Erkeklik hormonu (testosteron, dihidrotestosteron) \u00fcretimini azaltarak etki g\u00f6steren bitkiler;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-3-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8983\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-3-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-3-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-3.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#ffda01\" class=\"has-inline-color\">C1-<\/mark><\/strong>Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda olmayan testosteron hormonunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu 5- \u03b1 reduktaz (reductase) enzimi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretildi\u011fi organda testosteron hormonundan 10 kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etkiye sahip olan dihidrotestosteron hormonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir(122,123,124,125). Dihidrotestosteron hormonunun etkili olabilmesi i\u00e7in erkeklik hormonu al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na (androgen receptor) tutunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir(126,127,128);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fb0101\" class=\"has-inline-color\">1-<\/mark><\/strong>Erkeklik hormonu al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 deride en \u00e7ok ya\u011f bezlerinde (sebaceous glands), k\u0131l k\u00f6klerinde (dermal papilla) ve ter bezlerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r(129,130,131). Bu al\u0131c\u0131lara tutunan dihidrotestosteron hormonu polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda t\u00fcylenme art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sivilce ve sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fb0101\" class=\"has-inline-color\">2-<\/mark><\/strong>Erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 yumurtal\u0131klarda al\u0131c\u0131lara tutunarak folik\u00fcl se\u00e7imi a\u015famas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde bulunan ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (&lt; 2 mm) folik\u00fcllerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131rken folik\u00fcl se\u00e7imi a\u015famas\u0131ndaki (5-10 mm) folik\u00fcllerden bir tanesinin se\u00e7ilerek daha ileri a\u015famaya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da engellemektedir (arrested follicles)&nbsp;(132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139). Yumurtlama \u00f6ncesi olgunlu\u011funa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir folik\u00fcl olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlarda adet d\u00fczensizli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r(111,112,113,141). Bu kad\u0131nlarda \u00e7o\u011funlukla 35 g\u00fcn ile 3 ay aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen aral\u0131klarla (oligomenorrhea) adet kanamalar\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r(141,142,144,145,146,147). Bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise 3 aydan daha uzun aral\u0131klarla (amenorrhea) adet kanamalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(141,143,144,145,146,147).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fed105\" class=\"has-inline-color\">C2-<\/mark><\/strong>Yumurtal\u0131klarda erkeklik hormonlar\u0131 teka h\u00fccrelerinde \u00fcretilmektedir(87,148). \u0130ns\u00fclin ve LH\u2019 n\u0131n teka h\u00fccrelerinde erkeklik hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda polikistik over sendromu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda hem teka h\u00fccrelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hem de her bir teka h\u00fccresinde erkeklik hormonu \u00fcreten enzimin (CYP17 ) \u00fcretim kapasitesi y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fazla miktarda erkeklik hormonu \u00fcretilmektedir(86,87,126,127,148,149,150).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-pink-color\">Bitkiler, tedavi ve hastal\u0131klardan korunma amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok uzun zamandan beri yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r(1,2,3,8,11,12,13,20,21,22,23). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bitkilerden elde edilen do\u011fal maddelerin taklit edilmesiyle suni (sentetik) olarak \u00fcretilmektedir(4,5,6). Fakat, ila\u00e7lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 bitkilerden elde edilen maddelerden yap\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir(4,5,6). Bitkiler, ila\u00e7 tedavisinin yerine tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya sentetik ya da bitki kaynakl\u0131 ila\u00e7larla birlikte destek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r(7,8,9,10,11,12,13). Bitkisel tedavi \u00e7o\u011funlukla deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u011fl\u0131 bilimsel verilerin yerine daha \u00e7ok ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan g\u00f6zleme dayal\u0131 bilgilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Fakat buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle son 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bitkilerin tedavi amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 giderek artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(14,15).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u0130TK\u0130LER\u0130N SAKINCALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fbe007\" class=\"has-inline-color\">1-<\/mark><\/strong>Hormon bozukluklar\u0131nda bitkiler miktar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olan hormonun artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da miktar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f olan hormonun da azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bitkilerin gere\u011finden fazla miktarlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olan hormonun gere\u011finden fazla artmas\u0131na veya artm\u0131\u015f olan hormonun da gere\u011finden fazla azalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r(10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#ffd101\" class=\"has-inline-color\">2-<\/mark><\/strong>Bitkilerin gere\u011finden fazla miktarlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bitkinin i\u00e7indeki etken maddelerin v\u00fccutta birikmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir(24). Zay\u0131flama amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 bitkisel tedaviler b\u00f6brek nakli (transplantasyon) ile sonu\u00e7lanan b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na (interstitial renal fibrosis) neden olmaktad\u0131r(25,26,27,28). Bitkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kalp ve damar sistemi \u00fczerine toksik etki g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu bitkileri kullananlarda kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (hipotansiyon), hipertansiyon, \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131, kalp krizi ve kalp yetmezli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir(29,30,31,32,33).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-pink-color\">So\u011fan (Allium cepa) bitkisinin belirli bir miktar\u0131n \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulunan baz\u0131 maddeler&nbsp;(thiols, disulfides) nedeniyle so\u011fan zehirlenmesine (toxicity) neden olmaktad\u0131r(266).&nbsp;Bu miktar ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerinde (eritrositler) bulunan oksijeni ta\u015f\u0131yan maddenin (hemoglobin) i\u00e7indeki demir (Fe), so\u011fan i\u00e7inde bulunan maddeler (thiols, disulfides) taraf\u0131ndan oksitlenerek kan h\u00fccrelerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r(267,268).&nbsp;Bunun sonucunda bu ki\u015filerde ani ba\u015flayan, \u015fiddetli kans\u0131zl\u0131k (hemolytic anemia) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerini Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzimi zararl\u0131 maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen G6PD enziminin do\u011fu\u015ftan (genetik) eksikli\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlukla hi\u00e7bir belirti g\u00f6stermezken, so\u011fan t\u00fcketimi bu ki\u015filerde ani ba\u015flayan \u015fiddetli kans\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilmektedir(269,270,271).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Bu t\u00fcr masum gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bitkilerin bilin\u00e7sizce kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 fayda sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi hayati tehlikeye de neden olabilmektedir.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 bitkilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu allerjik reaksiyon akci\u011fer hasar\u0131na (interstitial pneumonitis) neden olmaktad\u0131r(34,35). Bitkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kan p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 (coagulation) azaltmaktad\u0131r(36,37). Bu bitkileri kullananlarda ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda kanama e\u011filimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir(36,37,38). Bitkilerin i\u00e7inde bulunan maddelerin yan etkileri sonucunda bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fi de hastanelerin acil servislerine zehirlenme (toxicity) nedeniyle ba\u015fvurmak zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r(5,39,40,41,45).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#ffda02\" class=\"has-inline-color\">3-<\/mark><\/strong>Bitkisel tedavide bazen tek bir bitki veya bitkiden elde edilen (extraction) maddeler kullan\u0131l\u0131rken genellikle bu maddelerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r(2,7,8,10,11). Birden fazla bitkinin birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bazen bitkilerin tek ba\u015f\u0131na olan etkilerini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 (synergistic) gibi bazen de tek ba\u015f\u0131na olan etkilerini (antagonistic) yok etmektedir(42,43,44). Bitkilerin birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 etkin maddenin kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucunda tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen beyin (neurotoxicity), karaci\u011fer (hepatotoxicity) ve b\u00f6brek (nephrotoxicity) \u00fczerinde toksik etkilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r(42,44).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#fbf002\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>4-<\/strong><\/mark> \u0130la\u00e7larla birlikte kullan\u0131lan bitkiler ilac\u0131n emilerek kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ge\u00e7mesini (absorption), kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve par\u00e7aland\u0131ktan (metabolism) sonra da b\u00f6breklerden at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 (clearance) etkilemektedir(46,47,48).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitkilerin ila\u00e7larla birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirebildi\u011fi gibi yan etkilere ve toksik etkilere de neden olabilmektedir(46,49,50). Baz\u0131 bitkiler kanama zaman\u0131n\u0131 uzatt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kan suland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar ile birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda morarma ve kanama e\u011filimine neden olabilmektedir(48,49,50,51). Baz\u0131 bitkiler karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 yapma ihtimali olan ila\u00e7larla birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131na (hepatotoxicity) neden olabilmektedir(46,49). Bitkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kalp ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rarak toksik etkilere neden olurken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da azaltarak bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flevini engellemektedir(52,60). Kan \u015fekerini etkileyen baz\u0131 bitkiler diyabet tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan ins\u00fclin ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir(53,54,55).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ya\u015flanma (Aging) ile birlikte s\u00fcreklili\u011fi olan iltihap (kronik inflamasyon) art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir(7,56,57). Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa neden olan kronik inflamasyon (inflamm-aging) oksidatif stres (oxidative stress) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda antioksidan (antioxidant) sistemin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r(56,57). Ya\u015flanmaya neden olan kronik inflamasyonu azaltmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 bitkiler ast\u0131m ve romatolojik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan anti-inflamatuar ila\u00e7lar\u0131n etkilerini artt\u0131rarak yan etkilere ve toksik etkilere neden olabilmektedir(58,59).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1-Ancient-modern concordance in Ayurvedic plants: some examples. Dev S. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Oct;107(10):783-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2-Conpendium of materia medica (Bencau Gangmu). (cited 2016 April 15). Li S. https:\/\/www.wdl.org\/en\/item\/4678\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3-Nature\u2019s Medicine: Plants That Heal. Swerdlow JL. National Geographic Society. 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4-The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. Nat Prod Rep. 2000 Jun;17(3):215-34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5-Plants as source of drugs. Rates SM. Toxicon. 2001 May;39(5):603-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6-Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Raskin I, Ribnicky DM, Komarnytsky S, Ilic N, Poulev A, Borisjuk N, Brinker A, Moreno DA, Ripoll C, Yakoby N, O\u2019Neal JM, Cornwell T, Pastor I, Fridlender B. Trends Biotechnol. 2002 Dec;20(12):522-31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7-Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 5. status and current directions of complementary and alternative herbal medicine worldwide. Enioutina EY, Salis ER, Job KM, Gubarev MI, Krepkova LV, Sherwin CM. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;10(3):327-338.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8-Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 3. China and Japan. Teng L, Zu Q, Li G, Yu T, Job KM, Yang X, Di L, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Sep;9(9):1225-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9-World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023; (cited 2016 Oct 20). http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/92455\/1\/9789241506090_eng.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10-ABC of complementary medicine: herbal medicine. Vickers A, Zollman C. BMJ. 1999 Oct 16;319(7216):1050-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11-Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Senior Press Superintendent, Jamia Hamdard Printing Press; New Delhi:1998. Kit\u0101b al-Q\u0101n\u016bn f\u012b al-Tibb (Canon of medicine). https:\/\/www.herbcraft.org\/canon2.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12-Khare C.P. Springer: New York : 2007. Indian Medicinal Plants. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/indianmedicinalplantsillustrateddictionarykharec.p._201_R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13-Royal College of Physicians of London. The London Pharmacopoeia. London: Edward Griffin; 1618. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/2548018R.nlm.nih.gov\/mode\/2up<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14-Quantification of the scientific research in the United States about popular herbal remedies referenced on PubMed. Hall M, Nazir N. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 May-Jun;11(3):34-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15-Trends in publications on complementary and alternative medicine in the medical literature. Treister-Goltzman Y, Peleg R. J Complement Integr Med. 2015 Jun;12(2):111-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16-Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome: descriptive measurements of patient perception and awareness from 657 confidential self-reports. Sills ES, Perloe M, Tucker MJ, Kaplan CR, Genton MG, Schattman GL BMC Womens Health. 2001;1(1):3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17-Herbal medicine for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and associated oligo\/amenorrhoea and hyperandrogenism; a review of the laboratory evidence for effects with corroborative clinical findings. 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Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jul;9(7):905-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22-Herbal medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 2. European Union and Russia. Sammons HM, Gubarev MI, Krepkova LV, Bortnikova VV, Corrick F, Job KM, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;9(8):1117-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>23-Herbal medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 4. Canada and United States. Job KM, Kiang TK, Constance JE, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;9(12):1597-1609.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>24-Systematic review of published data on herb induced liver injury. Byeon JH, Kil JH, Ahn YC, Son CG. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Apr 6;233:190-196.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25-Acute renal failure associated with prolonged intake of slimming pills containing anthraquinones. Kwan TH, Tong MK, Leung KT, Lai CK, Poon WT, Chan YW, Lo WH, Au TC. 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Bu bitkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8966"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12886,"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8966\/revisions\/12886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polikistikover.net\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}